Politics and Government

By Alix Humphreys


Politics is the art of creating situations involving the threat of loss. Generally politics is applied to the art or science of running the state affairs. It comes from the Greek word "Politika." According to Richard L Kempe, "Politics is the art of creating situations involving the threat of loss. It is the process by which people make collective decision which consists of authority and power.

Political history is reflected in the origin and development of the institution of government. The study of politics is called political science which examines the acquisition and application of power. The political philosophy which seeks a rationale for politics and an ethic of public behavior , political economy which attempts to develop understandings of the relationships between politics and the economy and the governance of the two and public administration which examines the practices of governance.

In a democratic society the political roles remain but there is frequent change of the people actually filling the positions. Each government coming one after the other is composed of a specialized and privileged body of individuals who monopolize political decision making. Government refers to the legislator and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy. Each government function is to enforce existing laws, legislate new ones and arbitrate conflicts via the government's monopoly on violence.

In most Western societies, there is a clear distinction between a government and the state. Public disapproval of a particular government does not necessarily represent disapproval of the state itself. A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. There are different types of government, such as Anarchism, Authoritarian, Constitutional monarchy, Constitutional republic, Democracy, Dictatorship, Monarchy, Oligarchy, Plutocracy, Theocracy, and Totalitarian. The study of politics, examines the acquisition and application of power. Government's function is to enforce existing laws, elect new ones, and arbitrate conflicts via the government's monopoly on violence. A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to attain and maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions.

In India there are two types of parties. A regional party is one which gain majority in a state and rule that state. A party which represents which represents more than 4 states is called a national party. The Indian national congress has ruled India for 48 years of 61 years of independent India.




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